Tarantulas are among the most captivating arachnids in the animal kingdom. Known for their large size and hairy bodies, they are powerful predators with surprisingly diverse diets. While many people assume they only eat insects, tarantulas can actually consume a variety of prey depending on their size, species, and habitat. For pet owners, understanding what tarantulas eat is essential for keeping them healthy and active. Below, we’ll explore their feeding habits and the first half of 12 common foods they consume.
Tarantula Feeding Habits
Tarantulas are ambush predators that rely on stealth and power rather than webs to capture prey. They typically lie in wait until an unsuspecting insect or small animal passes by, then strike with lightning speed. Using their fangs, they inject venom to immobilize their prey before liquefying the insides and consuming it.
In captivity, tarantulas thrive on live prey because it stimulates their natural hunting instincts. Feeding frequency varies depending on age—juveniles may eat every few days, while adults often require food only once or twice a week. Prey size is also critical: it should generally be no larger than the tarantula’s abdomen to prevent injury or stress.
12 Common Foods Tarantulas Eat
1. Crickets
Crickets are the most common food source for both wild and captive tarantulas. They are easy to find in pet stores, inexpensive, and provide a good balance of protein and nutrients. Crickets are also very active, which makes them appealing to tarantulas because they encourage natural hunting behavior. For pet keepers, crickets are often considered the safest and most reliable staple.
2. Grasshoppers
Grasshoppers are another excellent food option, especially for larger tarantulas. They are rich in protein and can be a slightly more filling meal compared to crickets. Grasshoppers are also a natural prey item in many tarantula habitats, making them a familiar and nutritious choice. However, they can jump quickly, so feeding should be done in a secure environment.
3. Mealworms
Mealworms are widely used as feeder insects, offering a solid protein source. Their small size makes them perfect for juvenile tarantulas, though adults can enjoy them too. One important note is that mealworms tend to burrow into substrate, so dropping them directly in front of the tarantula is often more effective. They are also relatively inexpensive and easy to store.
4. Superworms
Superworms are similar to mealworms but larger, with more movement and a tougher exoskeleton. These qualities make them more stimulating for tarantulas. However, because of their strong mandibles, it’s recommended to crush their heads before offering them as food to avoid accidental injury to the spider. Superworms are a high-energy option, but they should be fed in moderation.
5. Roaches (Dubia & Other Species)
Roaches, particularly Dubia roaches, are considered one of the healthiest feeder options. They are high in protein, low in fat, and less likely to carry parasites compared to crickets. They also move slower, making them easier for tarantulas to catch without stressing them. Many tarantula keepers prefer roaches over crickets because they are quiet, odorless, and breed easily for long-term feeding supply.
6. Waxworms
Waxworms are soft-bodied, fatty larvae often given as a treat rather than a staple food. While tarantulas eagerly accept them, their high fat content makes them similar to “junk food.” Overfeeding waxworms can lead to obesity, which is harmful to tarantulas. They are best reserved for occasional meals or as part of a varied diet.
7. Locusts
Locusts are a great alternative to grasshoppers, especially in regions where they are readily available. They are packed with nutrients and provide excellent stimulation due to their jumping ability. For larger tarantulas, locusts can serve as a substantial meal, while smaller ones may only handle younger nymphs. Many keepers favor them for their cleanliness and high digestibility.
8. Small Lizards
In the wild, some larger tarantula species may consume small lizards. This usually happens when they cross paths near burrows or hunting grounds. While not a common food in captivity, it highlights the tarantula’s ability to handle vertebrate prey. Pet owners generally avoid feeding lizards due to potential parasites and the stress it can cause both animals.
9. Frogs
Another rare but natural prey item for giant tarantulas is frogs. Amphibians offer protein and moisture, making them a nutritious option in the wild. However, feeding frogs in captivity is discouraged because they often secrete toxins that could harm the spider. This behavior is mainly observed in rainforest-dwelling tarantula species.
10. Small Birds
One of the most fascinating aspects of tarantula feeding behavior is their ability to take down birds. The famous Goliath birdeater, native to South America, has been documented capturing small birds like finches. While this is not a common occurrence, it demonstrates the raw power and adaptability of these spiders. In captivity, birds are never fed to tarantulas due to ethical and practical concerns.
11. Small Rodents (like Pinky Mice)
Large tarantulas, particularly species like the Theraphosa, may occasionally eat small rodents. In captivity, some keepers feed pinky mice as a rare treat, though it’s controversial. Mice are high in fat and can cause digestive issues if offered too often. Additionally, live rodents can injure tarantulas, so pre-killed and frozen-thawed options are safer.
12. Other Tarantulas & Invertebrates
Cannibalism is not uncommon among tarantulas, especially if they are housed together. In the wild, they may also feed on other spiders, centipedes, or large insects. This emphasizes the importance of keeping tarantulas individually in captivity. While they can handle many invertebrates, not all are safe to offer, making feeder-bred insects the most reliable choice.
Feeding Guidelines for Pet Tarantulas
Caring for a tarantula requires an understanding of proper feeding practices. Juveniles need more frequent meals, typically every 2–4 days, since they are growing rapidly. Adults, on the other hand, may eat only once a week or even less. Overfeeding can lead to obesity, which makes molting difficult and increases health risks.
A good rule of thumb is to offer prey no larger than the tarantula’s abdomen. For example, a medium-sized tarantula might eat a cricket, while a giant species could handle a roach or locust. Always remove uneaten prey after 24 hours to prevent stress or injury. Providing a shallow water dish is also essential, as tarantulas do drink water even if their diet supplies moisture.
Foods to Avoid
Not everything is safe for tarantulas. Certain insects like fireflies and lightning bugs are toxic and can kill a spider. Wild-caught insects are also risky because they might carry pesticides, parasites, or diseases. Processed foods, human food scraps, or already-dead prey should never be offered, since tarantulas rely on hunting and fresh prey to thrive.
Conclusion
Tarantulas are versatile predators that consume a wide variety of prey, from small insects to vertebrates like mice and birds. While their wild diet is diverse, captive care requires balance and safety. Crickets, roaches, mealworms, and similar feeder insects remain the healthiest staples. By understanding their natural eating habits and following safe feeding guidelines, tarantula owners can ensure their spiders remain healthy and active throughout their long lives.
